About The Old Regime In France In Voltaires Candide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1113 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Candide Essay Did you like this example? On the surface Voltaires Candide is an amusing and ingenious story that demonstrates the title characters travel as he looks for to be rejoined with his accomplice cunegonde, be that as it may when inspected assist it gets to be recognizable that Voltaire utilized this works reason is to saterize the institutions of the Old Regime in France, which was affected by the enlightment period. To be more particular, the story of Candide has a certain reason to assail the religion, philosophy, nobility, and outright government that was the foundation of France before and when the French Revolution happened.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About The Old Regime In France In Voltaires Candide" essay for you Create order Voltaire had nothing but hostility towards religion and the Catholic Church. He was incredibly open to when trying to defame the hierarchal system of the Church. Voltaire also has a bad taste wiht the clergy as well. He claimed that at a young age, while attending a Jesuit school, some of the priests were sexually abusive, which in turn describes one of the events in Candide with the issues of the Baron. His abhorrence for religion and the Catholic Church endured until his final breath. He refused to confess to his sins and rejected priests who attempted to perform the Last Rites ceremony. This anti-clerical sentiment was a response to the enormous amount of power that the Church had. There was no separation of church and state, so whatever the Church declared became law. In addition, the lack of equality of religion made Protestants subject to persecution. Throughout Candide examples of Voltaires detest for religion and the Catholic Church are apparent. One interesting criticism occ urs when Candide reunites with Dr. Pangloss, his old philosophy teacher. During there conversation Dr. Pangloss informs Candide that he contracted syphilis from a woman named Paquette. Pangloss then continues to name whom Paquette gotten this present from and whom that individual got it from and so on. This heredity of the venereal malady syphilis is gathered to spoof the genealogies that the Bible employments within the Old Testament. Too, this comparison of syphilis and religion may uncover the disloyalty of numerous Catholic priests. Voltaire had a comparable dislike for the way numerous philosophers, at this time, theorized. He particularly oppose this idea with German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and his principle of adequate reason. This rule depends upon the reality that everything in this world happens for a reason which nothing happens by chance. All occasions that take put are Gods will. Voltaire rejected this claim and questions its legitimacy various times in Candide. The area within the text that portrays the great earthquake in Lisbon is one of the times Voltaire questions Leibnizs conventions. As a result of this calamity thousands of individuals are slaughtered and indeed more harmed, counting Candide. Candide surveys the circumstance the way in which Leibniz would. He claims that all is for the leading which the earthquake must have happened for a reason. Voltaire jibes Leibniz another time when he portrays Dr. Panglosss region of consider as metaphysico-theologico-cosmolo-boobology. This c loud term ridicules Leibnizs comprehensive philosophical canons. The institution of French nobility was attacked by Voltaire as well. He loathed the nobility of France profoundly and tossed it in their confront when he really changed his title from Francois-Marie Arouet to Francois-Marie de Voltaire. The de in his modern title was utilized to distinguish nobles from non-nobles. This was the extreme slap within the confront since he was essentially saying that anybody may ended up a noble. In reality, the innate concept of the French nobility was maybe Voltaires most despised viewpoint of nobility. He abhorred the truth that just because a individual was born with a specific title they were automatically a better individual. In addition, he found the thought of offering titles crazy. Anybody who had sufficient cash may ended up a noble; it did not matter what kind of individual you were. An case of respectability being criticized can be seen within the beginning chapter of Candide. Candide meets Miss Cunegonde within the patio and they start to ki ss. In any case, the Aristocrat of Miss Cunegondes castle catches them within the act and expels Candide from the region. In the event that Candide had been of noble blood he likely would not have been ostracized from his home. The absolute monarchy of France is Voltaires next victim for criticism. A monarchical form of government had been in effect in France for centuries, but during Voltaires lifetime it changed into an absolute monarchy. This meant that all decision-making power went through the king. This was troublesome because it did not allow the voice of the common people to be heard. The king did what he wanted to do no matter how unpopular it was with the people. Voltaire was not an advocate of an absolute monarchy because he was in favor of freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and the abolition of slavery. Under an absolute monarch these reforms could never take place. However, Voltaire agreed that the only sensible form of government was a monarchy, just not an absolute monarchy. Voltaire contended that the king was the only person powerful enough to implement reforms. In Candide the tenets of the absolute monarchy come under fire when Candide travels to the New World. Through his travels Candide sees the effect of slavery on humanity. He finds it quite appalling, but theorizes that it must happen for a good reason. Voltaire used Candides experiences with slavery in the New World to promote its abolition. Of Voltaires numerous criticisms, his strongest may be his views on the Catholic Church and nobility. The address of lip service of clerics within the Catholic Church has continuously been disputable, with Voltaire that numerous clerics were not doing what they were telling their worshipers to do. Clerics were of the do as I say, not as I do attitude. Typically risky since it invalidates the legitimacy of the Catholic Church. As distant as nobility, with Voltaire that the innate strategy of selecting nobles is crazy. Fair since having the final title of Faust does not cruel that the idea is more qualified to be a Ruler than somebody who encompasses a diverse, non-noble title. The total thought of respectability is fair not a great one, particularl y when they gotten benefits such as tax breaks, which other social classes did not. Voltaires masterpiece Candide is an great illustration of social criticism in France amid the Ancient Administration. The way in which Voltaire faultlessly criticized all of the major educate of France is exceptional. Readers of Candide will concur that theres much more to assimilate from this work than a funny story approximately a lovelorn boy from Westphalia.

Diagnosis Hypertension And Hypertension - 954 Words

DIAGNOSIS: HYPERTENSION 1. Definition of Hypertension: Hypertension (better known as high blood pressure) is a condition in which the blood is being forced through the walls of the arteries (a type of blood vessel) in a heavy manner for a prolonged period of time. A majority of people who have hypertension aren’t aware of it. Therefore, blood pressure should be measured frequently. Blood pressure is measured by the amount of force that the blood is pushing through the arteries. It is read by looking at two numbers, the systolic (higher number) and the diastolic (lower number). An example of a blood pressure reading is 120/80. The 120 is the systolic pressure (as the heart contracts, this is the amount of force pushed upon the blood vessels). This means that the 80 in our example is the diastolic pressure (the force when the heart relaxes). High blood pressure affects many parts of the body along with being caused by others. Thus, it is extremely important to describe in detail the heart and the systems it affects. Hypertension is a disorder which is caused by the force of blood pumping through the heart which indicates that it takes part in the cardiovascular system along with the circulatory system. The cardiovascular system is powered by the heart which is the hardest working organ in the body. Other parts of the cardiovascular system include the arteries, capillaries, veins. This system is in charge of transporting numerous items throughout the body. These itemsShow MoreRelatedDiagnosis And Treatment Of Hypertension1213 Words   |  5 Pages Hypertension Vicki is a 42-year-old African American woman who was diagnosed with Hypertension a month ago. She has been married to her high school sweetheart for the past 20 years. She is self-employed and runs a successful insurance agency. Her work requires frequent travel and Vicki often has to eat at fast food restaurants for most of her meals. 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Salinas Race/Gender Biracial (Hispanic and African-American) / Male Age: 15 DOB: April 2, 1997 Height: 5ft. 6 in. Weight: 73 kg. Address: 3822 Stony Island Avenue Unit #3 Chicago, IL 60618 Phone: (773) 978-1729 Attending Physician: Dr. C. Hines and Dr. N. McCullough Chief complaint: Blurring of vision Clinical Diagnosis: Primary Juvenile Hypertension REASON FOR VISIT:Read MoreHypertension Risk And Management Guidelines Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: HYPERTENSION RISK AND MANAGEMENT 1 HYPERTENSION RISK AND MANAGEMENT 2 Hypertension Risk and Management Isatu Mansaray-Colbert Indiana State University Introduction Hypertension is an acute and life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment and is highly evaluate in urgency (Neutel Campbell, 2009). Hypertension is a condition that increases the risks of stroke and heart disease. Approximately 40% of the US population had hypertensive diseaseRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes And Adolescent Adolescents1577 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension in Adolescents I. Case Presentation A 16 year old African American male arrives at his pediatrician’s office for a preparticipation physical evaluation. His history includes asthma as a toddler, tonsillectomy in 2010. His mother, grandmother, and uncle all have hypertension. His grandmother has diabetes as well. He has an older brother and younger sister, both are healthy. His father is a paraplegic due to a MVA, otherwise his father has no health issues. The patient vital signsRead MoreLiving With Hypertension ( Htc )1161 Words   |  5 PagesLiving With Hypertension(HTC) Kimberly Hunt HS200 Diseases of the Human Body Unit 4 Capstone Project Living With Hypertension Kaplan University August 19, 2014 Hypertension (HTC)

Literary Semiotics Free Essays

Literary Semiotics Quite often the terms semiotics and semiology are equal, so that often instead semiotics use semiology and vice versa. Ferdinand de Saussure speaks of the sign and the first makes the distinction between semiotics and semiology. Semiotics is the general theory of signs. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Semiotics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Semiology study the functioning of the sign in the social practice. Today avoids this distinction and semiotics equate with semiology, ie, they are synonyms. GENERAL Semiotics: The sign does not exist only in language and literature, but in the film we have and tone as a sign, signs of the folk tradition (clouds as signs, etc.. . The sign is a general phenomenon that exists in all forms of human communication. With the help of the sign announce something. The sign communication across borders communion. It is believed that she sign communication has with animals, plants etc.. Within the general linguistic information and communication there is the literary form of communication between author and reader, between the work and the reader etc.. Semiotics is shared: First Semantics – which focuses on the relationship between sign and signified; Second Pragmatics – is a discipline that focuses on the relationship between the sign and the reader; Third Syntax, syntax – is a discipline that focuses on the relationship between signs, eg. : Texts as signs books as characters. Semiotics makes several typologies and distinguishes several types of sign systems: First PRIRODOJAZICHNI SYSTEMS – define them as first-and include natural languages, ie national languages (English, French, etc. ).. These are the languages that are characterized by a specific practice use. In these systems each character is in relation to an object (reference) from the reality. Not all characters are specified, does not always mean only objects that exist, which are in reality, but there are also abstract, metaphysical signs that signify something that is not tangible, but still exists in our consciousness. Second Artificial sign systems – Artificial signs we have in mathematics, science and so on. These signs are called artificial, because they agreed. These include road signs, sign language of the deaf, blind etc.. = Structure is a way of organizing systems. System and structure are inseparable. Third Secondary, secondary sign systems – usually build on existing linguistic systems and does not always refer to things that exist in nature. Literature uses natural language to translate literary, coding, etc. All secondary languages have pre-need of natural language and together constitute some already performed sign systems, such as. Literature. Secondary sign system eg. Myth – iconic, pictorial system. 4th Mixed HIBRIDIZIRANI SIGNS – eg. Essay which combines prirodojazichen system and a secondary sign system and pictorial system. th METAJAZICI – Metajazichni systems, metalanguage thoughts when one language describes another kind of language that is already built, eg. Theory of literature has described the literary language. There are meta-meta languages, such as literary criticism, literary methodology etc.. Semiotics distinguished: linguistic and nejazichni signs, verbal and non-verbal. Semiotics distinguishes several types of signs: First -Symbols – symbols are all coded signs and they denotativni. These signs have a high degree of codification and konvencionalnost. In these signs the relationship between the sign and the signified is kodiviciran. Second Sign-image – in these signs the relationship between sign and signified is vividly. Iconic signs konotivni signs. The model has features of artistic creation. Third Sign-INDEX – among them the relationship between sign and signified is causal. These signs are generally semiotic. Example: Where there is smoke there is fire. Among them there is a logical connection that occurs as a result of long-term perception. Eg. before an earthquake occurs, animals are disturbed, I felt mean. Also, prior to such disasters, we get information, warnings from other planets. All this belongs to indeksnoto information. Semiotics differs constant and variable signs. The sign indicates the object replaces the subject. Therefore, the sign is viewed by the subject marks. To sign appears must e apostoi need an item to be replaced, to signify. Roman Jakobson describes knizhenosta literary self-referential aesthetic message. Piece of literature at the same time can be referential (aesthetic) and referential. Znakovnosta literature does not exhaust WMO interest signified. The sign is a complex composition (signifier + signified). With signs serving entities, transferring to other entities, which means that there must be an agreement. In literature, there is a higher level of esthetics, but this does not exclude pragmatism. While eg. in journalism, a higher degree of pragmatism, but it does not necessarily mean that there is no aesthetic. There is intertextuality. For example, the parody – there parodiziranje literary work that already exists, we mythema, whose basic text comes from another, previously written text hipotekst. Even in the literature have metajazichnost yet dominate vtorostepenosta. It should be noted and the consideration that relates to the fact that there is a difference between literary and linguistic systems. Some systems faster change, others more slowly. Systems include konvencionalizirani relations imply a certain constancy legality. Speech is practice the kind of language use. Linguistic system is slowly changing. A change in the system of language comes when occurring changes in the conventional system. The change in the lexicon is not a real change in the language, but the change in syntax is a real change, because the syntax is a mirror of the language, it is the soul, the essence of language. In the 20th century resulting rapid and radical changes in literary systems, and in language systems can not change for centuries. Literary system as a secondary Literary Semiotics Systems vary in degree modelativnata power. Systems have a high degree of first instance modelativna power and appeal have lower degree modelativna power. Literature is not that important (secondary) sign system. In the literature, the language system is reorganized in a different way, because prirodojazichniot system is already encoded, he once again coded in the literature, which means that the literary system is doubly coded. = CODE = Code means is prohibited and what is not. The term â€Å"code† is not a purely literary term, but comes from egzaknite sciences (mathematics, computer science). Code shows us the optimal boundary between the forbidden and permitted. Modelativnata power is the ability to present a subject in the form of linguistic or literary figure. The model is a picture of the items indicating displays a single character. Model of the object is displayed in a text can be closer to the world that displays, but can be distant. Therefore, some characters are considered to be relatively more realistic poreferencijalni, open to predmetmetot and others are considered less referential, hermetic and more confined to the subject. Structure prirodojazichniot sign implies a direct connection between the sign and the referent. A literary system that relationship between the sign and the object is indirect, and even invisible. When reading the signs, the whole array of interpretenti that are sorted from other sign with any reader pbuduva whole range of different images, each reader think differently. For example, the term â€Å"Company† each poimuva different: one has a no house, stone house, ruined house, a beautiful house, a house-snail, small house, white house etc.. Models, the image of the subject in the literature represents what must exist, what can be absent. Ordinary language signs poreferencijalni, because the connection between the sign and the matter may be provieri, and in literature it has not. Some literary characters completely reject referentiality and identify as nereferencijalni or auto-referential. They completely distracted by the relationship between the sign and object, life, the world, etc.. But after Mallarme annulling all those links, they are invisible, and even signs can not signify anything other than themselves. These marks signify themselves and thus resolve the question of the definition of the sign that always means something that exists outside of them. These characters have their origin and their long-lasting tradition. Repealed logical connections between them, or at least invisible at first glance. There are literary characters to a greater extent referential and such that auto-referential, that encourage thinking the sign, except the exact information they want to offer something more to the subject, ie the world who represent; those signs tend to have a broader, more universal information how organized life and the world. In the literary system is activated principle sozvuchnost musicality, that activates the eneral signification semiotichnost, which plays a major role in the formation of literary texts that it does not matter what you say, but how you say. There are two completely identical words. Ordinary linguistic signs are distinguished by a high degree of symmetry between the object and the sign by which that object is marked. These signs are harder legible because they distort the image of a world that is marked with thi s sign; while doing so because of the asymmetry between the sign and the object, ie the world; not think of anything specifically. Literary system is: First secondary, secondary; Second double coded; Third iconic, picturesque, with a high degree modelativnost; 4th relationship between the object and the sign is asymmetric; 5th shows interest in the character and high degree of auto-and at the same time and communication and information. It is believed that all these properties of the literary system, its structure shows in a nutshell – the tropics. It is believed that ordinary language tends to conventionalize be used automatically, but literary-art information tends to be something more than mere information. In this sense, ordinary expressions have low informativnost. The purpose of literature is constantly questioned images umrtvile forgotten language, and it achieves when they express will deliver another new context and text and no more primates using automated. What’s old, already seen, automated, predictable, does not carry much information. But when you make a transformation, modification context, the degree of unpredictability gives it clear that there is some degree of artistic expression. What is stereotypically can perform literary function only when you are questioned and it will say something new, unknown, unpredictable. In literary communication is very important reader that fits into his measure expectation is already known, conventional, and what exceeds this measure is shocking and purely literary. To develop the system, it should be constantly introduce changes that will have a radical character. It is believed that the literary system is a complex system, because it is simultaneously modelativen iconic communicative, informative etc.. STRUCTURE AND LITERARY-artistic structure The term structure is taken from disciplines that have the exact character. This term means the constitution, construction, structure, composition. Can speak of a connection between the structure and the system (composition pragma). Pragma-linguistic semantic __ decorative what is encountered in all literary genres. Literary form is prezentativen. There is a prejudice that oako speaks of structure, must be taken only strucuturalist method. Strucuturalist method of studying literature immanent – within, regardless of external factors. Structure – nestatichna. This term has its prehistory and predstrukturalistichkiot method. Promotes the emergence of Saussure, then in Prague structuralists in 30 years (Roman Jakobson). The structure is a way of organizing a race, when you are thinking of something dynamic, live outdoors. But it always is a minimum order, which can be viewed transhistoric outside of literature. It shows anthropology and linguistics. Distinguished two levels of understanding society. Archetypal structures – which manifests Oedipus, infanticide, Phaedra, and it asa eglavno negative occurrence. They are constantly renewing, changing WMO their name, the essence is the same. When speaking of the structure, not thinking assemblies, but the relationship between these parts that are different relations. The structure is latent given, you need to be activated to express a given relationship. It is not a material category, but a correlation between at least two parts, as part of one great whole. There must be a ratio of that unit which is higher than those who own parts. The label may not mean anything. Even the sign is a higher instance. It establishes relations between the sign and the signified. The context shows us how the text structures and includes the subject, as well as the channel through which they passed. The structure is separable elements that make up the parts that build a third instance. It is not equal to the sum of those parts. The idea of structure has its own continuum from Plato onwards. When speaking of a literary work of art can not change the way the author laid the parts. Work itself has a rigid structure, there is coherence. Any literary work of art has a minimum structure, within a text is completed. Structure does not exhaust in terms of the text itself, but continues in the relations between texts that are external. The internal structure is latent, but in proportion with the reader that changes its character. Structure becomes external, opens to a text read in a social context of a given epoch. It opens towards the category of value, ie toward non-literary categories participating in the reader and the author. The text-reader-author is different in the written and oral tradition. In oral literature there is a collective, multidisciplinary artist, oral text is intended for a different kind of reception kolektiviet (holidays protakularni religious rites). The novel is an individual kind. It introduces a new relation to the adoption of the text (information and understanding). In everyday communication relationships are different speakers-reader known. In the literary work of art speaks of aesthetic structure – art. That does not mean that it is polisemantichka multifunctional (educational, ethnic, linguistic, fun, social). Linguistic literary system implies certain conventions. The literary structure is composed of text and context (genre code metajazichnosta all types of channels, psychological, biographical, biological factors). Literary structure implies something conditionally given (text). Contextual factors – open. The text is the primary datum in the literature. He builds with just reading and valued. Ultimately, it ends in a new value. Text Literary and artistic text Textus Lat. textus = texture, fabric, specific kind of tissue taken from the material environment and ported in the literature. Text – a literary work of art and represents graphic zvukoven part of the work. It is unchangeable part, material, literary and artistic work that is more complex, consisting of immaterial part style. Literary-may be in oral and written (literary) form. Text changes its status through history is part of the moral language conventions. The text is also linked to the development of human civilization. Associated with civilization signs. Each text is articulated and systematized, it is to communicate with him. The author (individual or collective) and the sign, by linking the text for a long time, and the reader was switched off. Today is considered that the reader can influence those literary conventions. Differences between the literary work of art and literary and artistic text. The text is considered an open category, sign, while the work is closed category, the whole classic with reduced significance. It is a theory of Roland Barthes and structuralists in France. Variability of the text seen in the oral tradition. Textuality is as fixed as a material part of the work. Each text serves not only to inform, but also to communicate. Text as a cultural and artistic means authorship readers act vrednvuanje denial and others. Cultural and artistic text linking at least two dimensions – historical and artistic ontological. There are literary and non-literary texts. How to cite Literary Semiotics, Essay examples